‘all’ hook and get_option issue

get_option fires hooks itself so you are triggering a infinite loop (or something similar if not actually infinite). Your callback calls get_option, which triggers the hooks used by get_option. Each hook triggers the callback again, which used get_option which triggers the hooks used by get_option. And so on…

Get your option value in the constructor, outside of the callback method. That way, when your callback runs it is inadvertently triggering itself. Proof of concept:

class WP_Test_Logging_Plugin {

  static $data = array();

  public function __construct() {
    $this->data = get_option('option_name', 1);
    add_action( 'all', array( $this, 'log_to' ) );
  }

  public function log_to() {
    $hook = current_filter();
    var_dump($hook,$this->data);
  }
}
$ntlp = new WP_Test_Logging_Plugin();