There is not “one command” in WordPress CLI that does the job: https://github.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/issues/2270
However using other commands, you can overide the user password directly in the database using the following:
USER_ID=$(wp user list --login="$USR_LOGIN" --format=ids)
wp db query "UPDATE wp_users SET user_pass="$HASHED_PASS" WHERE ID = $USER_ID;"
First line is optional if you already know the user ID.
To hash a password, use the following:
wp eval "echo wp_hash_password('$CLEAR_PASSWORD');"