Can I submit a plugin that follows the PSR-2 coding style guide?

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I would guess to the official plugin directory? Yes, the WP’s own coding standards are recommended, but not required:

  1. Keep your code (mostly) human readable.

Intentionally obscuring code by hiding it with techniques or systems […] Minified code may be used, however the unminified versions should be included whenever possible. We recommend following WordPress Core Coding Standards.

https://developer.wordpress.org/plugins/wordpress-org/detailed-plugin-guidelines/

PSR-2 is perfectly readable and there should be no issue with using it.