Change name & menu_name for Profile in the default menu, w/o altering core files?

you could filter gettext to change it. Note that this will change every translatable instance of “Profile”.

function change_admin_profile_to_account( $thename ){
    $thename = str_replace( 'Profile', 'Account', $thename );
    return $thename;
}
add_filter( 'gettext', 'change_admin_profile_to_account' );