changing theme folder name breaks menus – twentyeleven

Try going to Dashboard -> Appearance -> Menus and re-applying your custom menus to the appropriate Theme locations.

By changing the directory name, you’ve impacted the theme_mods, including custom menus. To WordPress, /wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/style.css and /wp-content/themes/X/style.css are two different Themes, even if all the files are the same.