The way you enqueueing your stylesheets are wrong. Someone very ignorant keeps changing my edit in the codex. The way you are doing this loads your child stylesheet twice. I have already done a post on this that you should check out here
The correct way is
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'theme_enqueue_styles' );
function theme_enqueue_styles() {
wp_enqueue_style( 'parent-style', get_template_directory_uri() . '/style.css' );
}
As for the problem with your index.php
, you should clear all your caches, browser and plugin caches. This really seems like a cache problem as your code looks fine