Child theme looks different from parent theme, and incorrectly displays parts

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I decided to work with the creator of the theme, and the problem has been fixed!

I did the following:

  1. Remove all code from the child theme’s function.php, leaving it empty.
  2. Replaced the child theme’s style.css with a copy of the parent theme’s style.css, and replaced the commented bit with the child theme’s commented bit.

This fixed all problems. Thanks to everyone for your help.