I’m not sure that component is meant to be used on the front end, it looks as though that’s mainly there for creating buttons in the editor itself.
For block “variations”, there are block styles, which might be what you’re looking for: https://developer.wordpress.org/block-editor/reference-guides/block-api/block-styles/. Block styles are the native way of having multiple ways of presenting a block, for example the core button block has a default solid style and an outline style.