Count foreach and display in menu php

You’re incrementing $count but I see you’re referencing $counter. Not sure if those are different but here is a version that uses the same variable in all those places.

$counter = 0; //Hier ist der Count-Begin-Foreach
foreach ( $bookmarks as $bookmark ) :

    if ( get_post_status( $bookmark->post_id ) !== 'publish' ) {
        continue;
    }

    // moving below the if statement

    $counter ++; //Hier ist der Count-Inner-Foreach

    $has_bookmark = true;
    ?>
    <tr>
        <td width="50%">
            <?php echo $counter ?>

            <?php echo '<a href="' . get_permalink( $bookmark->post_id ) . '">' . get_the_title( $bookmark->post_id ) . '</a>'; ?>
            <ul class="job-manager-bookmark-actions">
                <?php
                $actions = apply_filters( 'job_manager_bookmark_actions', array (
                        'delete' => array (
                                'label' => __( 'Delete', 'wp-job-manager-bookmarks' ),
                                'url'   => wp_nonce_url( add_query_arg( 'remove_bookmark', $bookmark->post_id ), 'remove_bookmark' ),
                        ),
                ), $bookmark );
                foreach ( $actions as $action => $value ) {
                    echo '<li><a href="' . esc_url( $value[ 'url' ] ) . '" class="job-manager-bookmark-action-' . $action . '">' . $value[ 'label' ] . '</a></li>';
                }
                ?>
            </ul>
        </td>
        <td width="50%">
            <?php echo wpautop( wp_kses_post( $bookmark->bookmark_note ) ); ?>
        </td>
    </tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<?php print "Sie haben " . $counter . " Lesezeichen gesetzt."; //Hier ist der Count-Output?>

If you want to get the count, you might as well make a function to do just that. Then call it directly. I have no idea where $bookmarks is coming from so you’ll have to figure that one out.

function get_number_of_bookmarks( $bookmarks = array () ) {
    $counter = 0;
    foreach ( $bookmarks as $bookmark ) :
        if ( get_post_status( $bookmark->post_id ) !== 'publish' ) {
            continue;
        }
        $counter ++;
    endforeach;
    return $counter;
}
?>

<div class="primary nav-menu">
<?php 
    // do your menu
    echo primary_nav_menu();

    // Example with an empty array, but this should be your bookmarks array
    $bookmarks_array = array();

    // echo the count
    echo get_number_of_bookmarks( $bookmarks_array );
?>
</div>