Custom link text wp_get_archive link

I think the simplest way would be to use the get_archives_link filter. For example:

add_filter ('get_archives_link',
function ($link_html, $url, $text, $format, $before, $after) {
    if ('with_plus' == $format) {
        $link_html = "<li class="CAPS source-bold"><a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/170116/$url">"
                   . "<span class="plus">+</span> Trip $text"
                   . '</a></li>';
    }
    return $link_html;
}, 10, 6);

Then, in your template:

<?php wp_get_archives (['type' => 'yearly', 'format' => 'with_plus']) ?>