I think the simplest way would be to use the get_archives_link filter. For example:
add_filter ('get_archives_link',
function ($link_html, $url, $text, $format, $before, $after) {
if ('with_plus' == $format) {
$link_html = "<li class="CAPS source-bold"><a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/170116/$url">"
. "<span class="plus">+</span> Trip $text"
. '</a></li>';
}
return $link_html;
}, 10, 6);
Then, in your template:
<?php wp_get_archives (['type' => 'yearly', 'format' => 'with_plus']) ?>