Mehdi, it’s common problem, as Apache server is not set by this way by default. Your problem can be solved with some very simple steps (simply quoting Samuel B):
If you want to use permalinks, you will need to make a change inside another file:
apache > Conf and find the filehttpd.conf
. Open that in a text editor. Use the search facility in the editor to find “rewrite”. The line you need looks like this:
#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
You need to take away the hash sign so it looks like this
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
Now just save the file.
Reference: WordPress Support – Answer by Samuel B
And a warning:
REMEMBER:
NEVER EVER EDIT A CORE WORDPRESS FILE, IT’LL SIMPLY MAKE YOUR WP BUGGY.