I think you are searching for custom page-template.
Make yourself a page-customarchive.php and name her in the top of the file.:
<?php
/*
Template Name: customarchive
*/
//Your custom query for this post_type
Put her in your theme directory
Then make a new Page in WordPress and pick from the right side the template you just made.
Now get the Permalink of this Page and put it in your “single-cpt_article.php”, where you want to provide the link.