Displaying links to all posts of the same category on the post page

I’ve not tested this, but the following is the method you shoulduse. Don’t use query_posts.

 $cats_of_post= get_the_category();

 if($cats_of_post){
      $cat_id = (int) $cats_of_post['0']->term_id;
      $related = get_posts(array(
           'numberposts'     => 5,
           'category'        => $cat_id,
           'orderby'         => 'post_date',
           'order'           => 'DESC',
           'exclude'         =>
       ));

       global $post;
       $temp_post = $post;?>

       <div class="related-posts">

       <?php if( $related ): ?>
               <ol>
               <?php foreach ($related as $post): ?>
                    <li>
                         <a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/57412/<?php the_permalink(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a>
                    </li>
                <?php endforeach; ?>

       <?php else: //No posts ?>
            <p><?php _e('Sorry, no articles written under this category.'); ?></p>

       <?php endif; ?>
       <?php $post = $temp_post; ?>
       </div>
<?php }//Endif no $cats_of_post