Do I have to widgetize my pages?

Use page templates and template parts. On your Front Page, you include the Texts as Template Parts:

 Front Page
+---------------+---------------+---------------+
|    Page A     |    Page B     |    Page C     |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+
|  Link Page 1  |  Link Page 2  |  Link Page 3  |
| Text 1 (TP1*) | Text 2 (TP2*) | Text 3 (TP3*) |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+

Then you reuse them in your other (page) template:

 Other Page
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|                       Content                       |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Template Part 1 | Template Part 2 | Template Part 3 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+

That’s maybe easier than creating widget areas and fetching static text from the DB.