After discussing in chat and seeing the parent index.php file:
The main loop in loop.php is not actually the main loop at all:
<div id="main" class="<?php echo $containerWidth; ?>" role="main">
<?php get_template_part('breadcrumbs'); ?>
<?php if ( have_posts() ) { ?>
<?php while ( have_posts() ) { ?>
<?php the_post(); ?>
<?php get_template_part( 'loop', get_post_format() ); ?>
<?php } // end while ?>
<?php get_template_part('pagination'); ?>
<?php } else { ?>
So I suggest moving the featured post code into a featured.php, and adjusting index.php as so:
<div id="main" class="<?php echo $containerWidth; ?>" role="main">
<?php get_template_part('breadcrumbs'); ?>
<?php get_template_part('featured'); ?>
<?php if ( have_posts() ) { ?>
<?php while ( have_posts() ) { ?>
<?php the_post(); ?>
<?php get_template_part( 'loop', get_post_format() ); ?>
<?php } // end while ?>
<?php get_template_part('pagination'); ?>
<?php } else { ?>
And then adjusting loop.php accordingly