You can use the same method as described in the link you mentioned, but simply use the created user ID and add 1000 so you get four digits. So user_id = 5 gets the meta number of 1005.
add_action( 'user_register', 'my_on_user_register' );
function my_on_user_register( $user_id ) {
$unique_id = 1000 + $user_id;
update_user_meta( $user_id, 'my_unique_id', $unique_id );
}
Hope that helps!