Here’s just a few examples of what escaping looks like:
Escaping URLS:
<?php echo esc_url( home_url() ); ?>
Escaping Content
<?php echo esc_html( get_the_title() ); ?>
Escaping Attributes
<?php echo esc_attr( $my_class ); ?>
Escaping Content but keep HTML
<?php echo wp_kses_post( get_the_content() ); ?>
Escaping Emails
<?php echo sanitize_email( $email_address ) ); ?>
For more information about escaping, here’s a good resource on data sanitization.