How can I apply a WP filter on specific plugin version

Maybe you are looking for the plugin_row_meta filter, where you could add a custom filter like this one:

add_filter('plugin_row_meta', 'custom_plugin_row_meta', 10, 4 );
function custom_plugin_row_meta($meta, $file, $data, $status) { 
    //
    // do some filtering on the version text of the Akismet plugin
    //
    if( $file === 'akismet/akismet.php' )
        // $meta[0] = "Version 3.14159265359"; // BAD
        $meta[0] = sprintf( '<strong>%s</strong>', $meta[0] ); // BETTER

    return $meta;
}

where we target the version text of the Akismet plugin as an example.

Before:

After (with bolded version text):

ps: It could be very confusing to the user if you are going to modify the displayed version number of a plugin! So I hope you are only making cosmetic changes to it 😉