How do you display the number of a post in a query?

Order number of the post in main query would be $wp_query->current_post + 1 (if I remember right it counts from zero, but try and see). 🙂

Note that literally your example is ordered list, which might or might not have been intended via Markdown. In that case you need to adjust your loop for appropriate markup (<ol><li>title here</li></ol>).