How to add meta box for current post format?

Question

If you want it just for the native post post type, then put this in your functions.php

add_action('init', 'my_theme_setup');
function my_theme_setup(){
    add_theme_support( 'post-formats', array( 'aside', 'gallery' ) );
}

The Post Format meta box will now appear down the side of your screen on the post creating/editing page.

Full list of available post formats to pass into the add_theme_support function – https://codex.wordpress.org/Post_Formats