You can make use of components inside your block. However, to insert a block inside your block you need to make use of the editor component Innerblocks. Using it you can set a predefined template which includes certain blocks in a specific order. Or you can set allowed blocks that can be added by the user.
For example, the columns block uses Innerblocks component and includes the column block using the template prop, which uses again Innerblocks to allow any kind of block to be added inside each column.