You can use is_home() or is_front_page() to check the current page.
$sage_includes = [
'lib/assets.php', // Scripts and stylesheets
'lib/theme_options.php', // Theme Options
'lib/setup.php', // Theme setup
'lib/titles.php', // Page titles
'lib/wrapper.php', // Theme wrapper class
'lib/shortcodes.php' // Old Theme Shortcodes
];
if(is_home() || is_front_page()){
$sage_includes[] = 'lib/home_shortcodes.php'; // Homeapage Shortcodes
}