My custom pagination not displaying

You will pass the $wpex_query object into wpex_pagination function. Currently $wp_query object is not getting your custom query details. Here is the updated for wpex_pagination function.

if ( !function_exists( 'wpex_pagination' ) ) {
    function wpex_pagination( $new_query ) {

        $prev_arrow = is_rtl() ? '→' : '←';
        $next_arrow = is_rtl() ? '←' : '→';

        global $wp_query;

        $temp_query = $wp_query; // saving old $wp_query object into temp variable
        $wp_query = $new_query; // updating old $wp_query object with $new_query object

        $total = $wp_query->max_num_pages;
        $big = 999999999; // need an unlikely integer
        if( $total > 1 )  {
             if( !$current_page = get_query_var('paged') )
                 $current_page = 1;
             if( get_option('permalink_structure') ) {
                 $format="page/%#%/";
             } else {
                 $format="&paged=%#%";
             }
            echo paginate_links(array(
                'base'          => str_replace( $big, '%#%', esc_url( get_pagenum_link( $big ) ) ),
                'format'        => $format,
                'current'       => max( 1, get_query_var('paged') ),
                'total'         => $total,
                'mid_size'      => 3,
                'type'          => 'list',
                'prev_text'     => $prev_arrow,
                'next_text'     => $next_arrow,
             ) );
        }

        $wp_query = $temp_query; // revert back to old $wp_query object
        $temp_query = '';
    }
}

Now you will call the wpex_pagination function like this way wpex_pagination( $wpex_query ) in your php file