New Page Position

To add a custom hash to the end of each URL added through the menu backend is easier said than done.

You could build a custom walker.

Or you could try to hook in the walker_nav_menu_start_el filter and edit just that, perhaps like so[nav-menu-template.php]:

add_filter( 'walker_nav_menu_start_el', 'my_skip_to_nav', 10, 4 );

function my_skip_to_nav( $item_output, $item, $depth, $args ){
    $indent = ( $depth ) ? str_repeat( "\t", $depth ) : '';

    $class_names = $value="";

    $classes = empty( $item->classes ) ? array() : (array) $item->classes;
    $classes[] = 'menu-item-' . $item->ID;

    $class_names = join( ' ', apply_filters( 'nav_menu_css_class', array_filter( $classes ), $item, $args ) );
    $class_names = $class_names ? ' class="' . esc_attr( $class_names ) . '"' : '';

    $id = apply_filters( 'nav_menu_item_id', 'menu-item-'. $item->ID, $item, $args );
    $id = $id ? ' id="' . esc_attr( $id ) . '"' : '';

    $output .= $indent . '<li' . $id . $value . $class_names .'>';

    $attributes  = ! empty( $item->attr_title ) ? ' title="'  . esc_attr( $item->attr_title ) .'"' : '';
    $attributes .= ! empty( $item->target )     ? ' target="' . esc_attr( $item->target     ) .'"' : '';
    $attributes .= ! empty( $item->xfn )        ? ' rel="'    . esc_attr( $item->xfn        ) .'"' : '';
    // Here happens the magic!
    $attributes .= ! empty( $item->url )        ? ' href="'   . esc_attr( $item->url        ) .'#navigation"' : '';

    $item_output = $args->before;
    $item_output .= '<a'. $attributes .'>';
    $item_output .= $args->link_before . apply_filters( 'the_title', $item->title, $item->ID ) . $args->link_after;
    $item_output .= '</a>';
    $item_output .= $args->after;
    return $item_output;
}

Then again, you perhaps don’t want something this complicated, and you can have much simpler solutions using Javascript/jQuery.

Javascript solution

Use jQuery to add your anchor to the navigation links

jQuery(document).ready(function($){

    $('#navigation a').each(function(){
       $(this).attr('href', $(this).attr('href') + '#navigation');
    });

});