If you want to do it this way, it has to look like the following:
add_filter('style_loader_src', 'wpse127340_replace_stylesheet', 10, 2);
function wpse127340_replace_stylesheet($src, $handle){
if ('your-plugin-script-handle' == $handle)
return get_template_directory_uri().'/css/themes-copy-of-plugin.css';
return $src;
}
Replace your-plugin-script-handle
and themes-copy-of-plugin.css
with what you want it to be.