post_categories array using variable

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There’s an example here:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/wp_insert_post

// Create post object
$my_post = array(
  'post_title'    => 'My post',
  'post_content'  => 'This is my post.',
  'post_status'   => 'publish',
  'post_author'   => 1,
  'post_category' => array(8,39)
);

// Insert the post into the database
wp_insert_post( $my_post );

‘post_category’ takes an array so you’d want to send it one.

In your example, you don’t create an array – it’s just a string.

$categories="1,2,3,4,5";

This however is an array…

$categories = array( '1,2,3,4,5' );

So this should work:

'post_category' => $categories

For PHP arrays, check out:

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_arrays.asp
http://us1.php.net//manual/en/language.types.array.php