Query does not return content

Question

You shouldn’t be using query_posts() here, but rather WP_Query(). (Search WPSE for query_posts if you want to know wy.)

<?php
$custom_query_args = array( 
    'post_type' => 'page',
    'post_parent' => '50',
    'post_status' => 'publish',
    'orderby' => 'menu_order',
    'order' => 'ASC',
    'posts_per_page' => '100'
);
$custom_query = new WP_Query( $custom_query_args );

// To see the contents of the $custom_query object
var_dump( $custom_query );
?>

Edit

No dice. Same result.

The query is returning exactly what it is intended to return. In order to access the $post data, you need to set up the Loop:

if ( $custom_query->have_posts() ) : while ( $custom_query->have_posts() ) : $custom_query->the_post() );

    // The $post variable is now available, 
    // so you can access the post content, either as
    // $post->post_content or as the_content()

endwhile; endif;

So, I’m guessing your problem is that you’re not setting up the Loop.