It seems there is no other way than de-registering the column and building your own.
The code of the custom column is adapted from class-wp-media-list-table.php
.
add_filter( 'manage_upload_columns', 'columns_manage_wpse_85405' );
add_action( 'manage_media_custom_column', 'columns_display_wpse_85405', 10, 2 );
function columns_manage_wpse_85405( $columns )
{
unset( $columns['parent'] );
$columns['attached'] = 'Parent';
return $columns;
}
function columns_display_wpse_85405( $column_name, $post_id )
{
if( 'attached' == $column_name )
{
$attributes = "class="$column_name column-$column_name"";
$the_post = get_post( $post_id );
if ( $the_post->post_parent > 0 )
{
$title="";
if ( get_post( $the_post->post_parent ) )
{
$title =_draft_or_post_title( $the_post->post_parent );
}
?>
<strong>
<?php
if( current_user_can( 'edit_post', $the_post->post_parent ) )
{ ?>
<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/85405/<?php echo get_edit_post_link( $the_post->post_parent ); ?>">
<?php echo $title ?></a><?php
}
else
{
echo $title;
}
?>
</strong>, <?php echo get_the_time( __( 'Y/m/d' ) );
?>
<?php
} else {
?>
<?php _e( '(Unattached)' ); ?>
<?php
}
}
}
Results in: