Remove (Unattached) Attach from “Uploaded to” in Media Library

It seems there is no other way than de-registering the column and building your own.

The code of the custom column is adapted from class-wp-media-list-table.php.

add_filter( 'manage_upload_columns', 'columns_manage_wpse_85405' );
add_action( 'manage_media_custom_column', 'columns_display_wpse_85405', 10, 2 );

function columns_manage_wpse_85405( $columns ) 
{
    unset( $columns['parent'] );
    $columns['attached'] = 'Parent';
    return $columns;
}

function columns_display_wpse_85405( $column_name, $post_id ) 
{
    if( 'attached' == $column_name )
    {
        $attributes = "class="$column_name column-$column_name"";
        $the_post = get_post( $post_id );

        if ( $the_post->post_parent > 0 ) 
        {
            $title="";
            if ( get_post( $the_post->post_parent ) ) 
            {
                $title =_draft_or_post_title( $the_post->post_parent );
            }
            ?>
            <strong>
                <?php 
                if( current_user_can( 'edit_post', $the_post->post_parent ) ) 
                { ?>
                    <a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/85405/<?php echo get_edit_post_link( $the_post->post_parent ); ?>">
                        <?php echo $title ?></a><?php
                } 
                else 
                {
                    echo $title;
                } 
                ?>
            </strong>, <?php echo get_the_time( __( 'Y/m/d' ) ); 
            ?>          
        <?php
        } else {
        ?>
            <?php _e( '(Unattached)' ); ?>
        <?php
        }
    }
}

Results in:
New parent Media column