Show excerpt and not full post in Twenty Seventeen

You can do this with just a couple of files, no need for a plugin.

On your computer…

  1. Create a folder twentyseventeen-excerpt
  2. Add the file style.css:
/**
 * Theme Name:  Twenty Seventeen Excerpt
 * Template:    twentyseventeen
 * Version:     1.0
 * Theme URI:   https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/q/406641/1685
 * Author:      the WordPress team
 * Author URI:  https://wordpress.org/
 * Description: Twenty Seventeen with excerpts.
 */

/* Load the core Twenty Seventeen styles */
@import '../twentyseventeen/style.css';
  1. Add the file template-parts/post/content.php:
<?php

if ( is_singular() ) {
    // Load the default version of this file from Twenty Seventeen
    include TEMPLATEPATH . '/template-parts/post/content.php';
} else {
    // For archive pages (i.e. not singular post pages) load the excerpt content instead
    get_template_part( 'template-parts/post/content-excerpt' );
}
  1. ZIP the twentyseventeen-excerpt folder and upload it using Appearances > Themes > Add New > Upload Theme
  2. Activate the newly uploaded theme “Twenty Seventeen Excerpt”

For ease-of-use I have created the final ZIP that you can download in case you are unable to do the above steps yourself.