Show latest custom post types on dashboard

This is because by default the paramater for post_type is post.

To include all the post type add the below to you arguements

$args = array( 'numberposts' => 5, 'post_type' => 'any' );

The above will include all the post_types including pages and custom post types and if you would to include specific post types use an array like

 $args = array( 'numberposts' => 5, 'post_type' => array( 'post', 'movie', 'book' ) );

For more details check the codex