The common idiom is using both: They are different definitions. To make the discussion clearer I will split the sentence: In the first line you are defining the identifier S within the struct name space (not in the C++ sense). You can use it and define variables or function arguments of the newly defined type by defining … Read more
EDIT: As pointed out in the comment, itoa() is not a standard, so better use sprintf() approach suggested in the rivaling answer! You can use itoa() function to convert your integer value to a string. Here is an example: If you want to output your structure into a file there is no need to convert any value beforehand. You can just use … Read more
The ld returned 1 exit status error is the consequence of previous errors. In your example there is an earlier error – undefined reference to ‘clrscr’ – and this is the real one. The exit status error just signals that the linking step in the build process encountered some errors. Normally exit status 0 means success, and exit status > 0 means errors. … Read more
There could be many reasons, but the most common are: The port is not open on the destination machine. The port is open on the destination machine, but its backlog of pending connections is full. A firewall between the client and server is blocking access (also check local firewalls). After checking for firewalls and that … Read more
++i will increment the value of i, and then return the incremented value. i = 1; j = ++i; (i is 2, j is 2) i++ will increment the value of i, but return the original value that i held before being incremented. i = 1; j = i++; (i is 2, j is 1) For a for loop, either works. ++i seems more common, … Read more
There are questions that already deal with the difference between passing by reference and passing by value. In essence, passing an argument by value to a function means that the function will have its own copy of the argument – its value is copied. Modifying that copy will not modify the original object. However, when passing by reference, … Read more
As Greg Hewgill said, the typedef means you no longer have to write struct all over the place. That not only saves keystrokes, it also can make the code cleaner since it provides a smidgen more abstraction. Stuff like becomes cleaner when you don’t need to see the “struct” keyword all over the place, it looks more … Read more
What is meant is a string like AB0C5342F. In C terms:
Exactly what it sounds like, assuming you’re used to the abbreviated way in which C and UNIX assigns words, it duplicates strings 🙂 Keeping in mind it’s actually not part of the ISO C standard itself(a) (it’s a POSIX thing), it’s effectively doing the same as the following code: In other words: It tries to allocate enough memory … Read more
Exactly what it sounds like, assuming you’re used to the abbreviated way in which C and UNIX assigns words, it duplicates strings 🙂 Keeping in mind it’s actually not part of the ISO C standard itself(a) (it’s a POSIX thing), it’s effectively doing the same as the following code: In other words: It tries to allocate enough memory … Read more