For anyone who stumbles upon this, I have found a solution that works well for me. I wanted to be able to update user meta data during the logout process, whether it is user initiated or automatic through expiry of session data. So the solution:
function logMeOutOrSomething($expiration, $user_id) {
update_user_meta($user_id, 'first_name', 'superMario');
return $expiration;
}
add_filter('auth_cookie_expiration', 'logMeOutOrSomething', 10, 2)