Using page template to fetch posts in page

You will want to use wp_query to query the database for the posts, which will be something like:

<?php
 $blog_args = array(
  'post_type' => 'post',
  'posts_per_page' => '-1',
  'order' => 'DESC'
 );
 $blog_query = new WP_Query($blog_args);
 while ( $blog_query->have_posts() ) {
  $blog_query->the_post();
  echo '<a href="'.get_permalink().'">'.get_the_title().'</a>';
 }
 wp_reset_postdata();
 ?>

That will display all posts with just the post title, you would need to add pagination and add more detail to the actual displayed element but should give you a head start