Using rules in Posts

You’re almost there. You need to add the season and episode query vars to the array of recognized vars. Note the small change to your regex as well-

function wpd_add_my_rule(){
    add_rewrite_rule(
        '^([^/]+)/season-([0-9]+)/episode-([0-9]+)/?$',
        'index.php?name=$matches[1]&season=$matches[2]&episode=$matches[3]',
        'top'
    );
}
add_action( 'init', 'wpd_add_my_rule' );

function wpd_add_query_vars( $query_vars ) {
    $query_vars[] = 'season';
    $query_vars[] = 'episode';
    return $query_vars;
}
add_filter( 'query_vars', 'wpd_add_query_vars' );

You can use get_query_var() in the template to fetch the values.