Why the WP Core team does not allow filter_* functions? [closed]

Because on the minimum version required it isn’t always available since the SPL can be disabled on PHP 5.2 and below. The majority of installs running WordPress have it, but not all, and it’s the same reason autoloaders and Iterators aren’t used.

Moving to v5.3 as a minimum PHP would fix this however as the SPL cannot be disabled in 5.3+, but until that happens..