Woocommerce Attributes pulling in wrong data

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You are confusing get_terms() with get_the_terms()

get_terms() returns an array all the terms in a taxonomy.

get_the_terms() returns an array of all the terms for a particular post. 

 global $post;
 $terms = get_the_terms( $post->ID, 'pa_size');
 foreach ( $terms as $term ) {
    echo "<li>" .$term->name. "</li>";
 }

You might also like get_the_term_list() which would be like so:

global $post;
echo '<ul>';
echo get_the_term_list( $post->ID, 'pa_size', '<li>', ',</li><li>', '</li>' );
echo '</ul>';