wordpress check wp_head and wp_footer

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Technically to check if theme runs wp_head and wp_footer hooks you can:

  1. hook into shutdown
  2. check that you are in front end
  3. use did_action() to determine if hooks fired
  4. save the result (in option for example) with theme name to access and use later

However in practice I agree with Chip Bennet that these hooks are essential. Trying to code for case when they are not there is simply not practical (same like trying to code for ancient WP version and such).