wp-cli only displays PHP version for all input options

Question

Try running php wp-cli.phar

EDIT

It looks a little like php on your system isn’t setup to use php-cli (it’s using php-cgi instead):

try running: php -v

on my machine I get:

PHP 5.5.9-1ubuntu4.14 (cli) (built: Oct 28 2015 01:34:46) 
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.0.3, Copyright (c) 1999-2014, by Zend Technologies

The important bit is where it says (cli) – this means it’s the cli, and not cgi version.