Figured this out by looking through the WordPress source code 🙂
function new_site_add_custom_screen_options($args) {
$args["custom_option_1"] = __("Custom Option 1", "new_site");
$args["custom_option_2"] = __("Custom Option 2", "new_site");
return $args;
}
add_filter("manage_nav-menus_columns", "new_site_add_custom_screen_options", 20);