Adding new Post through Custom Post Type only offers me “Slug” as an option, how do I get more?

Did you add post-type support for those features, via add_post_type_support()?

Use this format:

<?php add_post_type_support( $post_type, $supports ) ?>

The $supports argument is an array, that can include the following strings:

  • ‘title’
  • ‘editor’ (content)
  • ‘author’
  • ‘thumbnail’ (featured image) (current theme must also support Post Thumbnails)
  • ‘excerpt’
  • ‘trackbacks’
  • ‘custom-fields’
  • ‘comments’ (also will see comment count balloon on edit screen)
  • ‘revisions’ (will store revisions)
  • ‘page-attributes’ (template and menu order) (hierarchical must be true)
  • ‘post-formats’ add post formats

Note that support for these features can be registered directly, via the register_post_type() call, using the supports argument-array key. See this abbreviated version of the Codex example:

<?php
add_action('init', 'codex_custom_init');
function codex_custom_init() 
{
  $labels = array();
  $args = array(
    'labels' => $labels,
    'public' => true,
    'publicly_queryable' => true,
    'show_ui' => true, 
    'show_in_menu' => true, 
    'query_var' => true,
    'rewrite' => true,
    'capability_type' => 'post',
    'has_archive' => true, 
    'hierarchical' => false,
    'menu_position' => null,
    'supports' => array('title','editor','author','thumbnail','excerpt','comments')
  ); 
  register_post_type('book',$args);
}
?>

EDIT

Using your own code:

<?php
function create_post_type() {  
    register_post_type( 'intrigue_faculty',  
            array(  
                'labels' => array(  
                    'name' => __( 'Faculty' ),  
                    'singular_name' => __( 'Faculty' ),
                    'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Faculty Member' ),
                    'new_item' => __( 'Add Faculty' ),
                    'add_new' => __( 'Add Faculty Member' ),
                    'view_item' => __( 'View Faculty Profile' ),
                    'not_found' => __( 'No faculty members found' ),
                    'search_items' => __( 'Search Faculty Members' ),
                    'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Faculty Member Profile' ),
                    'description' => __( 'A collection of the profiles for Intrigue Dance Intensive faculty members.' )
                ),  
            'public' => true,  
            'menu_position' => 5,  
            'rewrite' => array('slug' => 'faculty'), // Don't forget this comma
            // ADD ME HERE; LIST WHATEVER FEATURES FOR WHICH YOU WANT TO ADD SUPPORT
            'supports' => array('title','editor','author','thumbnail','excerpt','comments') 
        )  
    );  
}  
?>

add_action( ‘init’, ‘create_post_type’ );