Admin pages, edit notes of the title of posts and pages

Welcome!
Those areas you have marked with a red border is called Post states.

In order to modify post states you can use display_post_states filter.

The following example adds the post id to states.

function my_custom_display_post_states( $states, $post ) {
    // Add post id.
    $states['my_custom_state'] = $post->ID;

    return $states;
}

add_filter( 'display_post_states', 'my_custom_display_post_states', 10, 2 );```

Please check WordPress documentation for more information.