Looking at the template hierarchy it does not look like there is a way to do this automatically, by post type and taxonomy. But, you could use a page template which you would need to select on every custom post where you want to use the different template.
In the code where you define the custom post type (maisons), add a 'supports' parameter.
register_post_type('maisons',
array(
...
'supports' => array('title', 'editor', 'page-attributes')
)
);
“Page attributes” will let you use any custom Page templates you have created. You may need to use unregister_post_type() and then re-register it to make it work.
For each taxonomy, you can create a template file called for example "tpl-maison-avec-terrain.php" with the following code at the top:
<?php
/*
* Template Name: Maison+Terrain
*/
Then on the Editor screen for each of the posts, you’ll see a “Page Template” dropdown where you can choose whichever template you want to use. That may also help because it will allow you to manually decide whether you want to use “maison+terrain” or “vivre a l-horizontal” for posts that have more than one taxonomy assigned.