The Simplest way is to add a Query var to the list of query var that WordPress recognizes and check for that newly added query var on template redirect hook ex:
add_filter( 'query_vars', 'se67095_add_query_vars');
/**
* Add the 'my_plugin' query variable so WordPress
* won't remove it.
*/
function se67095_add_query_vars($vars){
$vars[] = "my_plugin";
return $vars;
}
/**
* check for 'my_plugin' query variable and do what you want if its there
*/
add_action('template_redirect', 'se67905_my_template');
function se67905_my_template($template) {
global $wp_query;
// If the 'my_plugin' query var isn't appended to the URL,
// don't do anything and return default
if(!isset( $wp_query->query['my_plugin'] ))
return $template;
// .. otherwise,
if($wp_query->query['my_plugin'] == 'helloworld'){
echo "hello world";
exit;
}
return $template;
}