The simple answer is “yes, you can”, but I’m pretty sure it won’t satisfy you 😉
So… How can you achieve this and show only custom posts on home.php? All you need is to use pre_get_posts hook like so:
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'add_custom_post_types_to_home_query' );
function add_custom_post_types_to_home_query( $query ) {
if ( is_home() && $query->is_main_query() )
$query->set( 'post_type', array( 'book', 'movie' ) );
return $query;
}
The code above will change the main query so it shows only books and movies.