Can’t execute jQuery before my script

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Try two things –
1. Link your js using wp_enqueue_script action as under : 

add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'theme_name_scripts' );

function theme_name_scripts() {
     wp_enqueue_script( 'script-name', get_template_directory_uri() . '/js/example.js', array('jquery'), '', true);
}

Third parameter in wp_enqueue_script() function will make sure jquery is loaded before your current js file.

  1. Inside your js file, replace $ with jQuery as :

    jQuery(document).ready(function(){console.log(“scriptLoaded”);
    });