Can’t find the ‘libpq-fe.h header when trying to install pg gem

It looks like in Ubuntu that header is part of the libpq-dev package (at least in the following Ubuntu versions: 11.04 (Natty Narwhal), 10.04 (Lucid Lynx), 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot), 12.04 (Precise Pangolin), 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) and 18.04 (Bionic Beaver)):

...
/usr/include/postgresql/libpq-fe.h
...

So try installing libpq-dev or its equivalent for your OS:

  • For Ubuntu/Debian systems: sudo apt-get install libpq-dev
  • On Red Hat Linux (RHEL) systems: yum install postgresql-devel
  • For Mac Homebrew: brew install postgresql
  • For Mac MacPorts PostgreSQL: gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/opt/local/lib/postgresql[version number]/bin/pg_config
  • For OpenSuse: zypper in postgresql-devel
  • For ArchLinux: pacman -S postgresql-libs

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