Change blog post title on main blog page

First of all, yes, its seems to be the right place to look.

get_the_ID() gives you the ID of the current item in the loop.

Do you have the custom field so far?
If yes you can output the “Custom field – Title” with this lines of code:

$customTitle = get_post_meta( get_the_ID(), 'CustomFieldSlug', true );

if ( ! empty( $customTitle ) ) {
    echo $customTitle;
} else {
    echo wp_kses_post( avada_render_post_title( get_the_ID() ) );
}

I dont know what wp_kses_post() and the avada_render_post_title() function are actual doing. Maybe you have to surround the $customeTitle with these functions, too.

My code example should display the customField Title if its set. Otherwise it should use the normal post title.

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EDIT:

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If i understand the render_post_title correctly, you could make a different call to it in the blog-layout.php

function avada_render_post_title( $post_id = '', $linked = true, $custom_title ....

this part of the function tells us, that we can give a “custom_title” as parameter. Lets give it a try:

<?php // Render the post title. ?>
<?php echo wp_kses_post( avada_render_post_title( get_the_ID() ) ); ?>

replace this lines of code with following:

<?php // Render the post title. ?>
<?php
    $customTitle = get_post_meta( get_the_ID(), 'short-title', true );
    if ( ! empty( $customTitle ) ) {
      echo wp_kses_post( avada_render_post_title( get_the_ID(), true, $customeTitle ) );
    } else {
      echo wp_kses_post( avada_render_post_title( get_the_ID() ) );
    }
?>