Child Theme – how to add new widget on a specific place?

You should copy the file you want to edit from the parent to your child theme. This way you can customize the template without touching the actual theme. Paste the code you already have to this template file and you’re good to go.

The following link contains the codex page about creating child themes and modifying the template files: https://codex.wordpress.org/Child_Themes#Template_Files

Hope this helps.