if you are not taking care about backward compatibility (works only when run under PHP 5.3 and later), you can employ the anonymous function:
add_action( 'init', function() {
$pluralName="PluralName";
$singularName="SingularName";
custom_poster( $pluralName, $singularName );
}
);
Or closure
$singularName="Singular Name";
$pluralName="Plural Name";
add_action( 'init', function() use ($singularName, $pluralName) {
custom_poster( $pluralName, $singularName );
} );