Please replace the following code $string .= '<li>' . get_the_title() . '</li>';
.
to:
$string .= '<li>';
$string .= '<figure>' . get_the_post_thumbnail( null, 'thumbnail' ) . '</figure>';
$string .= '<h2>' . get_the_title() . '</h2>';
$string .= '<div>' . apply_filters( 'the_content', get_the_content() ) . '</div>';
$string .= '</li>';
Hope it’ll work just fine.